{"id":1500,"date":"2024-02-18T21:57:44","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T13:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/?p=1500"},"modified":"2024-02-18T21:57:44","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T13:57:44","slug":"%e6%9f%93%e6%96%99%e4%b9%8b%e7%8e%8b%ef%bc%9a%e9%9d%9b%e8%93%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/archives\/1500","title":{"rendered":"\u67d3\u6599\u4e4b\u738b\uff1a\u975b\u84dd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u67d3\u6599\u4e4b\u738b\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u975b\u84dd<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/p>\n<p>1905 \u5e74\u5ea6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u62dc\u8033 (Adolf von Baeyer) ,\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c22\u5316\u82b3\u70c3\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264270163.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264270163-300x78.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u975b\u84dd\u662f\u4ece\u975b\u84dd\u690d\u7269 ( Indigofera group) \u5982 :\u83d8\u84dd\u3001\u84fc\u84dd\u3001\u6728\u84dd\u7b49\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97 ,\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u7b49\u5730\u66fe\u5e7f\u4e3a\u683d\u57f9 ,\u5176\u6839\u79f0\u4e3a\u677f\u84dd\u6839\u3001\u53f6\u79f0\u5927\u9752\u53f6\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u540e\u7684\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u79f0\u9752\u9edb ,\u5747\u4f9b\u836f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u975b\u84dd\u690d\u7269\u67d3\u8272\u65f6\u662f\u5148\u628a\u5b83\u5207\u788e ,\u653e\u5728\u74ee\u4e2d\u52a0\u6c34\u6d78\u6ce1\u4efb\u5176\u53d1\u9175 ,\u53d1\u9175\u6db2\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4ee5\u5432\u54da\u915a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u7684\u9690\u8272\u4f53 ,\u5f53\u7ec7\u7269\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6d78\u900f\u540e\u53d6\u51fa\u667e\u5e72 ,\u9690\u8272\u4f53\u5373\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c27\u5316 ,\u5f62\u6210\u6c34\u4e0d\u6eb6\u6027\u7684\u975b\u84dd\u800c\u67d3\u5728\u7ec7\u7269\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u975b\u84dd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u67d3\u6599 ,\u66f4\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d3\u8272\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u74ee\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c ,\u53c8\u79f0\u74ee\u67d3\u67d3\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6 ,\u4ee5\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u5148\u5bfc\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u67d3\u6599\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0 ,\u5f53\u65f6\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u4e00\u5e26\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u826f\u7530\u7528\u4e8e\u79cd\u690d\u975b\u84dd\u690d\u7269 ,\u7136\u800c\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5370\u67d3\u4e1a\u7684\u9700\u8981 ,\u4ee5\u81f4\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\u67d3\u6599\u7684\u8bfe\u9898 ,\u5df2\u7ecf\u6446\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd<\/p>\n<p>1905 \u5e74\u5ea6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u62dc\u8033 (Adolf von Baeyer) ,\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c22\u5316\u82b3\u70c3\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e \u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u62dc\u8033\u7814\u7a76\u975b\u84dd\u4e4b\u524d ,\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f0f :C 8 H5NO\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f :C16 H10N2O2 \u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u73b0\u975b\u84dd\u7528\u82db\u6027\u94be\u4f4e\u6e29\u7194\u878d\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u90bb\u6c28\u57fa\u82ef\u7532\u9178 ;\u9ad8\u6e29\u7194\u878d\u5f97\u82ef\u80fa ;\u7528\u785d\u9178\u6216\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u94ec\u6c27\u5316\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u975b\u7ea2 \u3002\u4f46\u56ff\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u840c\u82bd\u671f ,\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u975b\u84dd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1865 \u5e74\u51ef\u5e93\u52d2\u63d0\u51fa\u82ef\u7684\u73af\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784 ,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u975b\u84dd\u7814\u7a76 ,\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975b\u84dd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u6c27\u5316\u5408\u7269 ,\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u79cd \u201c \u6bcd\u4f53\u201d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bcd\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u82ef\u80fa\u76f8\u4f3c ,\u62dc\u8033\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5432\u54da ( Indole) ,\u5b83\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5432\u54da\u915a ;\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u5219\u662f\u5432\u54da\u918c ,\u5373\u7ed3\u6676\u5448\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u975b\u7ea2 :<\/p>\n<p>\u5432\u54da\u915a\u548c\u82ef\u915a\u4e4b\u95f4\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c ,\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u6bcd\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u88ab\u7f9f\u57fa\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269 ,\u6240\u4ee5\u62dc\u8033\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u82ef\u915a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u82ef\u90a3\u6837\u4ece\u5432\u54da\u915a\u5236\u51fa\u5432\u54da ,\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5432\u54da\u915a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6811\u8102\u5316 ,\u4ee5\u81f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u534a\u5e74\u591a\u4e4b\u540e ,\u4ecd\u7136\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u62dc\u8033\u628a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u7ed9\u6b63\u5728\u8bb2\u6388\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u827a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u540c\u4e8b Stahlschmidt \u65f6 ,\u5374\u4ece\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f ,\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u505a\u6cb9\u6f06\u586b\u6599\u7684\u950c\u7c89 ,\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\u62dc\u8033\u7acb\u5373\u628a\u5b83\u7528\u5728\u5432\u54da\u915a\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u4e0a ,\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53c8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u53cd\u590d\u6478\u7d22 ,\u4f46\u4ecd\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7ed3\u679c ,\u5728\u4e07\u822c\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b ,\u8bd5\u7740\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u5728\u71c3\u70e7\u7ba1\u4e2d\u52a0\u70ed ,\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5728\u71c3\u70e7\u7ba1\u88ab\u52a0\u70ed\u5230\u8d64\u70ed\u65f6 ,\u771f\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5432\u54da (1866 \u5e74) \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62dc\u8033\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u575a\u6301\u7740\u975b\u84dd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76 ,\u5e94\u5f53\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5076\u7136\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u950c\u7c89\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5 ,\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u6bcd\u4f53\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f C. Graebe \u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7ea2\u8272\u690d\u7269\u67d3\u6599 \u2014 \u2014 \u2014\u831c\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u540e ,\u4e0d\u4f46\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u9aa8\u67b6 ,\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5feb\u628a\u831c\u7d20\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5\u6269\u5927\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0a(1871 \u5e74) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u529f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u67d3\u6599\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u8005 ,\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u62dc\u8033\u7814\u7a76\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1870 \u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u628a\u975b\u7ea2\u7528\u4e09\u6c2f\u5316\u78f7\u5904\u7406\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u518d\u4ee5\u950c\u7c892\u76d0\u9178\u8fd8\u539f\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u975b\u84dd ,\u8fd9\u4f7f\u62dc\u8033\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u9020\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u66d9\u5149 ,\u8fd9\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u975b\u7ea2 ,\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u975b\u84dd\u690d\u7269 ,\u4f46\u52301878 \u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u7531\u82ef\u4e59\u9178\u6765\u5236\u53d6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1879 \u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u73b0 ,\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u90bb\u785d\u57fa\u8089\u6842\u9178\u7684\u6eb4\u5316\u7269\u4e0e\u78b1\u5171\u716e ,\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5c11\u91cf\u975b\u84dd ,\u7a0d\u540e\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u7528\u90bb\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u9178\u5236\u53d6\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 ,\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u660e\u5728 1880 \u5e74 3 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u4e13\u5229 ;\u540c\u5e74 12 \u6708\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587 ,1883 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u00a0 ,\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u548c 45 \u5e74\u540e (1928 \u5e74) \u7531 X \u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u6cd5\u6d4b\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c (2) \u53ea\u662f\u5728\u987a\u5f0f\u53ca\u53cd\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e86\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 ,\u5c31\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5 ,\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\u5236\u51fa\u65b0\u578b\u67d3\u6599\u3002\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7 ,\u6700\u7ec8\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u62dc\u8033\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c ,\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528 K. Heumann\u4ee5\u82ef\u80fa\u548c\u4e59\u9178\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u6599\u7684\u8def\u7ebf (1890 \u5e74) ,\u4f46\u662f\u6295\u4ea7\u540e\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u662f\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u3002\u523019 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b ,\u751f\u4ea7\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u5382\u5df2\u7ecf\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u79cd\u690d\u975b\u84dd\u690d\u7269\u7684\u519c\u5e84\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u60ca\u5947\u5730\u53d1\u73b0 ,\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6cf0\u5c14\u7d2b (Tyrian purple) \u5c31\u662f\u542b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6eb4\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u975b\u84dd ,\u8fd9\u79cd\u540d\u8d35\u7684\u7d2b\u8272\u67d3\u6599 ,\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6781\u5176\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b ,\u7528\u8717\u725b\u87ba\u9aa8\u5236\u53d6\u7684 ;\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53 \u2014 \u2014 \u2014 \u975b\u7389\u7ea2 ( Indirubin) \u5374\u5177\u6709\u795e\u5947\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u8840\u764c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264336411.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264336411.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264336411-300x68.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u9053\u592b\u00b7 \u62dc\u8033<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u5c14\u9053\u592b\u00b7 \u62dc\u8033 ,1835 \u5e74 10 \u6708 31 \u65e5\u751f\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797 ,\u7236\u4eb2\u66fe\u662f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5c06\u519b ,\u9000\u5f79\u540e\u4efb\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5927\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u9662\u957f ,\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u8457\u540d\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u62dc\u8033\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5bf9\u5316\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3 ,\u6b63\u5982\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u201c : \u6211\u4ece\u5e7c\u513f\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u3001\u795e\u5947\u4e14\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u67d3\u6599\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1853 \u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u5316\u5b66 ,\u79bb\u5f00\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u53bb\u4e86\u6d77\u5f97\u5821 ,\u4ece\u5e08\u4e8e\u672c\u751f ( R.Bunsen) ,\u8fd8\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u51ef\u5e93\u52d2 (A. Kekule) \u30021858 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6709\u673a\u7837\u5316\u7269\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62dc\u8033\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u5148\u5728\u970d\u592b\u66fc (A. W. Hoffmann) \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c ,1860 \u5e74\u56de\u5230\u67cf\u6797\u5728\u4e00\u6240\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u4efb\u6559\u5e08 ,\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5c3f\u9178\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9178 ,\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4e3a\u5df4\u6bd4\u59a5\u9178(barbituric acid) ,\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u7528\u4ed6\u6700\u8981\u597d\u7684\u5973\u53cb Barbara \u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684 ,\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u88ab\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u5b89\u7720\u836f\u548c\u9ebb\u9189\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1865 \u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u975b\u84dd\u7684\u7814\u7a76 ,\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d ,\u4e0d\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u915a\u915e ,\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u82ef\u915a\u4e0e\u7532\u919b\u7684\u7f29\u805a\u7269 ,\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c98\u7a20\u6027\u7269\u8d28 ,\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u67d3\u6599\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u975e\u7ed3\u6676\u4f53\u800c\u672a\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76 ,\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u5374\u5728\u8d1d\u514b\u5170 (L. Beakeland) \u7684\u6df1\u5165\u94bb\u7814\u4e0b\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u915a\u919b\u5851\u6599 ,\u5bfc\u81f4\u5851\u6599\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6765\u4e34\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1872 \u5e74\u62dc\u8033\u5230\u65b0\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u6388 ,\u4e09\u5e74\u540e ,\u7531\u4e8e\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c (J . F. Liebig) \u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u800c\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u8be5\u6821\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u6388 ,\u6210\u4e3a\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba ,\u6b64\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76 ,\u76f4\u5230 80 \u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264366156.jpg\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264366156.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1708264366156-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u62dc\u8033\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u975b\u84dd\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e ,\u53c8\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u8f6c\u5411\u841c\u7c7b\u53ca\u9ad8\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u7684\u591a\u7094\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269 ,\u5148\u540e\u8fd8\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u03b1 2\u848e\u70ef\u3001\u8488\u916e\u3001\u841c\u54c1\u9187\u7b49\u6c22\u5316\u82b3\u70c3\u7c7b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u30021885 \u5e74\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 \u201c \u5f20\u529b\u5b66\u8bf4\u201d,\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u7279\u970d\u592b (J . H. Van\u2019t Hoff) \u548c\u52d2\u8d1d\u5c14 (J . A. Le Bel) \u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u6784\u578b\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u9610\u8ff0\u78b3\u73af\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4eba ,\u62dc\u8033\u5f20\u529b\u5b66\u8bf4\u540e\u6765\u867d\u6709\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8868\u8ff0 ,\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5931\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u975b\u84dd\u3001\u831c\u7d20\u7b49\u67d3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316 ,\u4e5f\u5e26\u52a8\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u4e2d ,\u4f4d\u4e8e\u91cd\u8981\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5458 ,\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u53d7\u8fc7\u62dc\u8033\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bb6\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u8457\u540d\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u548c\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u5728\u62dc\u8033\u95e8\u4e0b\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u82f1\u624d\u4e2d ,\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u560c\u5464\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7cd6\u5316\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u4e8e\u4e16\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d39\u6b47\u5c14 ( E. Fischer) \u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u9897\u7480\u74a8\u7684\u660e\u661f ,\u8fd9\u771f\u7684\u5e94\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8001\u8bdd\u201c \u9752\u51fa\u4e8e\u84dd\u80dc\u4e8e\u84dd\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u67d3\u6599\u4e4b\u738b\uff1a\u975b\u84dd \u5bfc\u8bfb 1905 \u5e74\u5ea6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u62dc\u8033 (Adolf von Baeyer) ,\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u5408\u6210\u975b\u84dd\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c22\u5316\u82b3\u70c3\u7b49\u65b9&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1501,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1500"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1500"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1504,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1500\/revisions\/1504"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}